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From Bazaars to Barcodes: The rise of value-driven, tech-powered fashion in India

17 December 2025, Mumbai

India’s fashion economy is in the midst of a sweeping realignment one that is redefining how the country buys, aspires, and expresses itself.

This evolution, often described as the ‘bazaar-to-barcode’ shift, marks India’s transformation from a fragmented landscape of unorganized local markets to a digitally driven, branded, and trust-based ecosystem.

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At the heart of this change lies one of the most powerful forces in the modern retail story: value fashion, shaped by a rapidly expanding value-conscious consumer class.

This is not merely a retail evolution; it is a cultural modernization, one where aspirations meet affordability, and fashion becomes democratic, data-driven, and digitally delivered.

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The digital foundation fashion economy

India’s fashion and lifestyle sector, now the second-largest consumer category in the country, stands at an estimated value of $110 billion. Of this, the online fashion market contributes roughly $11 billion as of FY23.

The pace of growth in this online segment has been extraordinary.

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Fuelled by smartphone adoption, digital literacy, affordable data, and pandemic-driven behavioural change, the online fashion category has grew at nearly 30 per cent annually since 2019.

Projections indicate an even more dramatic rise, with the market expected to hit $35 billion by FY28, growing at a robust 25 per cent CAGR.

Behind these numbers lies a deeper socio-economic story.

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The explosion of online fashion is fundamentally about access: to brands, to choices, and to reliable quality. While the metros remain strong consumption hubs, the real boost comes from Tier II, III, and IV cities.

These newly digital regions, once dependent on local bazaars and unbranded goods, now enjoy the same breadth of choice that cosmopolitan consumers have had for decades. E-commerce has equalized fashion access in a way that traditional retail models could never achieve, erasing geographical limitations and bringing organized retail to the doorsteps of consumers who were historically underserved.

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Three catalysts powering value fashion boom

1. Tier II+ India: During the 2023 festive season, Tier II-IV cities accounted for more than 80 per cent of online fashion purchases. For a long time, these markets were dominated by local bazaars. Today, they are the most active adopters of branded apparel.

2. The Gen Z–millennial transformation: Gen Z and younger millennials (18-24) are buying new digital-native fashion brands at nearly double the rate of older consumers. By FY28, this group will fuel 75 per cent of demand for disruptor and D2C brands many of which operate squarely in Value Fashion.

3. GST reform: Recent reforms that lowered GST on garments priced under Rs 2500 have eliminated one of the biggest psychological barriers for value-conscious buyers the belief that branded apparel carries unnecessary “label inflation.” This has tilted the scales in favour of organized players offering trustworthy quality at reasonable price points.

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As Adarsh Menon of Fireside Ventures observes, “The retail landscape is being rewritten by an explosion of channels. The apparel market’s future will be determined as much by trust infrastructure as by brand power.

The consumer is seeking verified quality at an accessible price point.”

Technology takes center stage

To meet the expectations of this increasingly discerning consumer base, e-commerce platforms and brands have deployed a suite of technological interventions.

Hyper-personalization has emerged as a critical differentiator, with platforms like Myntra employing machine learning and big data to refine recommendations, reduce size-related returns, and enhance customer confidence.

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Augmented reality solutions particularly virtual try-ons are playing a growing role in helping consumers visualize fits and textures before purchase, a vital factor for shoppers who may be wary of the perceived risks of online apparel buying.

At the brand level, India’s Value Fashion rise is being shaped by four dominant player groups: national brands expanding downward into entry price points, large private labels developed by e-commerce giants, nimble digital disruptors that address niche needs, and formerly unbranded sellers who are formalizing their operations through online marketplaces. Digital disruptors, in particular, have gained ground by addressing underserved categories such as expressive wear, ethnic fusion, and plus-size fashion, all of which are demand-heavy segments that traditional retail often ignored.

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Simultaneously, the government-led Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is creating a more democratic digital commerce environment. By onboarding more than 2.3 lakh sellers and service providers, ONDC widens consumer choice, lowers price barriers, and creates a fertile ecosystem for Value Fashion brands to flourish.

One of the clearest examples of democratization enabled by e-commerce is the dramatic rise of plus-size fashion in India. The category, projected to grow at a 34 per cent CAGR through 2030, was historically constrained in physical retail, where options were limited, styles were outdated, and the shopping experience often carried stigma.

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Online platforms broke these barriers by offering privacy, variety, and inclusivity on an unprecedented scale. Consumers could now access trend-forward designs at fair prices, backed by transparent sizing systems and user reviews.

Online retail has not only expanded the market but has also nurtured confidence and body-positive narratives among millions of consumers who previously felt marginalized.

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What the future demands

The rapid democratization of value fashion is not without its challenges. Delivering on the promise of access remains difficult in remote regions where logistics infrastructure is still evolving. Brands are responding by investing in near-shoring models, strengthening supply chains, and optimizing last-mile delivery to maintain the affordability equation.

Environmental and ethical concerns present another urgent challenge.

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As consumers become more aware of fashion’s ecological footprint, the value fashion segment is being nudged from purely cheap toward conscious value. Brands are increasingly expected to show transparency in sourcing and invest in longer-lasting, sustainable materials.

There is also the perennial tension between price and quality. Value-conscious shoppers value deals, yet rising incomes push them toward apparel that promises durability and function. Innovations in breathable, stretchable, and durable fabrics are helping bridge this gap, shifting consumer mindsets from owning more to owning better.

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The future of Indian fashion is not merely about expansion it is about inclusion. It is about making design, reliability, and expression available to a far wider audience than ever before.

The bazaar-to-barcode shift signals a future, where digital platforms value-conscious consumers, and value-driven brands converge to create a marketplace defined by transparency and empowerment.

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The brands that will win this race are those that understand a simple truth: the new Indian consumer is not buying cheaper clothes; they are buying trusted experiences.

And in a market where aspiration meets accessibility, trust becomes the most valuable currency of all.

Finally, counterfeit proliferation and intense competition threaten the integrity of the category. The path ahead depends on brands building deeper trust through authentic storytelling, stronger quality assurance, and superior digital experiences that cement their legitimacy.

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Redefining luxe fashion Stella McCartney sparks sustainable revolution in India

19 December 2025, Mumbai

The debut of Stella McCartney, a pioneer of cruelty-free, next-generation luxury in India through Reliance Brands Limited (RBL) marks more than a new retail presence.

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It represents a fundamental test for the country’s textile and apparel supply chain. The LinkedIn announcement may have celebrated the arrival of high-end vegan fashion, but the deeper industry implication is far more consequential: this partnership is set to accelerate India’s shift from resource-heavy production to data-driven material innovation.

India’s luxury fashion and apparel market is on fast forward growth path, growing from $9.37 billion in 2024 to a projected $15.13 billion by 2033 (CAGR 5.03 per cent).

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Yet within this, the rise of the conscious connoisseur is even more striking. Sustainable luxury a segment growing at 21.96 per cent CAGR is expected to reach $1.6 billion by 2033, far outpacing the broader luxury category. This difference reflects a new rule of desirability: ethics are now a key marker of exclusivity.

Stella McCartney, with its zero-tolerance stance on leather, fur, feathers, and virgin fossil-fuel-based synthetics, is entering the market precisely at the moment when affluent Indian consumers are shifting from indulgence to intention.

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EAD OUR LATEST EDITIONMaterial innovation becomes the new benchmark

The most profound impact of this launch lies in its implications for India’s textile and material ecosystem. Stella McCartney is not simply a brand using organic cotton or recycled fibres, it is a global case study in radical textile innovation.

The company is among the first luxury houses to commercialize Mylo, a mycelium-based leather alternative, and has collaborated on pollution-capturing denim finished with PURE.TECH, a technology capable of removing CO₂, VOCs, and NOx from the air.

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For India the world’s second-largest exporter of textiles and apparel this is both an opportunity and a pressure test. To meet Stella McCartney’s uncompromising standards, RBL must build or elevate supply chains that deliver not just sustainability, but traceability backed by science and biotech.

“In many ways, India’s textile heritage is built on craft-led sustainability, but Stella McCartney demands a leap into biotech-based materials and end-to-end transparency,” says Priya Sharma, Principal Analyst at Innovate Textiles Consulting.

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“For RBL, this means developing a micro-ecosystem that meets global innovation benchmarks. For India, it accelerates modernization efforts that would otherwise take a decade.”

The ripple effects could be transformative. New investments in material science, lab-scale fibre development, and regenerative supply chains may position India not merely as the world’s factory, but as a nerve center for next-generation fabric technologies.

 

Reliance’s conscious retail play

Stella McCartney’s entry also ties into RBL’s broader commitment to purpose-driven retail.

The company is building a unique two-tier approach: Stella McCartney anchors the ethical luxury end of the portfolio, while Ed-a-Mamma another recent acquisition, caters to mass-market families seeking planet-positive affordable fashion.

 

The R|Elan material programme, which channels recycled PET into fibre, strengthens this multi-category sustainability strategy.

Yet this expansion is not without risks. Globally, Stella McCartney has experienced financial headwinds, recording higher losses in 2023, an indication that even strong ESG credentials don’t automatically translate into high-margin luxury success. For India, the challenge is sharper: while affluent consumers express strong intent to buy sustainably, value consciousness still shapes premium retail behaviour.

 

Reliance must therefore solve the pricing paradox, ensuring Stella McCartney’s material innovations are perceived not as expensive ethics, but as next-level luxury.

To do this, the company will need to invest heavily in storytelling, transparent sourcing communication, immersive experiential retail, and online engagement that makes the value proposition unmistakable.

 

Inside Stella McCartney’s ethical blueprint

Founded in 2001, Stella McCartney remains the first global luxury house to build an entire business model on vegetarian and cruelty-free principles rejecting leather, fur, skins, and virgin oil-based synthetics from day one.

The label spans ready-to-wear apparel, vegan accessories, and low-impact footwear, with a core customer base that prioritizes circularity and innovation.

 

Despite fluctuating financials, the brand remains a sustainability frontrunner. In 2024, it reported a 51 per cent decline in total carbon footprint compared to 2019, reflecting its systemic commitment to Net Zero by 2040.

Its expansion in Asia including India is closely tied to the rise of ethically driven luxury consumption in emerging markets.

 

What Stella McCartney’s entry signals for India’s future

Stella McCartney’s arrival, backed by the operational scale of RBL, signals an important moment for the Indian luxury and textile ecosystem.

The message is clear: global luxury is now inseparable from environmental accountability, and brands entering India will expect high-innovation, fully traceable, planet-positive supply chains.

 

For India’s manufacturers, designers, and innovators, this is both a challenge and a once-in-a-generation opportunity. The shift toward circular materials, biotech fibres, and transparent sourcing is no longer optional it is the new grammar of global luxury. And Stella McCartney is the catalyst accelerating that transition.

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